Perro PPP Is Your Dog Affected?
In Spain, the law governing potentially dangerous dogs, known as Perro Potencialmente Peligrosas or less of a mouthful is to nickname it “Perro PPP”, which actually has been in place for nearly two decades. But are you aware of how it affects your furry friend? Do you need a licence ( licencia para tener perros potencialmente peligrosos ) or not? It seems two huge issues for dog owners out here are firstly the processionary caterpillar problem and secondly the laws regarding pets, specifically dogs. Now more most breeds the second one isn’t usually so much of a problem, I might add.
An important caveat here is I am not native Spanish, so some of the documents were translated by machine learning and I am not a lawyer.
The legislation, aimed at ensuring public safety, categorizes certain breeds and characteristics as potentially dangerous, imposing restrictions on their owners. However, the criteria for determining a dog’s potential danger are often ambiguous, leaving many owners wondering if their pet is at risk.
As a responsible dog owner, it’s vital to understand the implications of Perro PPP and how it may impact your dog’s well-being and your own responsibilities as a pet parent. Keep in mind too, the area of Spain you live in might be another influencing factor.
The Legal Framework
It’s important to understand the legal framework that governs these potentially dangerous dogs. A thorough understanding of the laws and regulations will help you navigate the complexities surrounding these laws.
The Dangerous Dogs Act of 1991 in the United Kingdom
Dogs have long been a part of human society, and with that comes the need for legislation to ensure public safety. The Dangerous Dogs Act of 1991 in the United Kingdom was a landmark piece of legislation that aimed to address concerns about aggressive dogs. This act paved the way for similar laws in other countries, including the Netherlands, Germany, Italy and Spain.
Similar laws in the Netherlands, Germany, and Italy
Germany, along with other European countries, has implemented laws to regulate potentially dangerous dogs. These laws focus on responsible ownership and aim to prevent dog attacks. In the Netherlands, for instance, the law requires dog owners to take out liability insurance and undergo training to ensure their dogs are well-behaved in public.
It’s worth noting that while these laws share similarities, they also have distinct differences. For example, some countries focus more on breed-specific legislation, while others prioritize owner responsibility and education. Understanding these nuances is crucial especially if you are on holiday with your dog from one of these other countries.
Spain’s Law 50/1999 and Royal Decree 287/2002
While Spain’s laws regarding potentially dangerous dogs were enacted in response to tragic incidents involving dogs, it’s important to understand the scope and implications of these regulations on dog owners like you.
The scope of the Royal Decree
An examination of the Royal Decree 287/2002 reveals that its primary objective is to establish a catalog of animals of the canine species that can be included within the category of potentially dangerous animals.
The catalog of potentially dangerous animals
One of the critical aspects of the Royal Decree is the identification of specific breeds and characteristics that are considered potentially dangerous.
Royal Decree 287/2002 specifies eight breeds of dogs that are considered potentially dangerous: Pit Bull Terrier, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, Rottweiler, Dogo Argentino, Fila Brasileiro, Tosa Inu, and Akita Inu. Additionally, any mongrel dog whose parents belong to one of these breeds is also included in this category. The decree also establishes characteristics that can classify a dog as potentially dangerous, even if it doesn’t belong to one of these breeds. These characteristics include factors such as strong character, agility, endurance, and great value. As a dog owner, it’s crucial to understand these criteria and how they may apply to your pet.
Defining Potentially Dangerous Dogs
One of the crucial aspects of understanding Perro PPP is defining what constitutes a potentially dangerous dog. In Spain, this is governed by Royal Decree 287/2002, which outlines the criteria for determining whether a dog is potentially dangerous.
Breeds listed in Annex I of RD 287/2002
Breeds such as Pit Bull Terrier, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, Rottweiler, Dogo Argentino, Fila Brasileiro, Tosa Inu, and Akita Inu are listed in Annex I of RD 287/2002. These breeds, along with their crosses, are automatically considered potentially dangerous dogs.
The breeds that were classified as potentially dangerous under this law include:
Pit Bull Terrier
Staffordshire Bull Terrier
American Staffordshire Terrier
Rottweiler
Dogo Argentino
Fila Brasileiro
Tosa Inu
Akita Inu
Bullmastiff
Doberman (in some regions)
Neapolitan Mastiff
Presa Canario (Canary Mastiff)
Dogue de Bordeaux (French Mastiff)
Bull Terrier
In addition to these breeds, any dog with specific physical characteristics that resemble these breeds may also be classified as PPP.
Characteristics listed in Annex II of RD 287/2002
The characteristics listed en Annex II of RD 287/2002 are more subjective and include traits such as short hair, strong character, agility, endurance, and great value for perros potencialmente peligrosos. Dogs that exhibit most or all of these characteristics are also considered potentially dangerous.
Dogs that do not belong to the breeds listed in Annex I but possess these characteristics may still be classified as potentially dangerous. This raises concerns about the arbitrariness of the classification process, as it can be difficult to determine whether a dog meets these criteria.
Dogs with certain characteristics of these breeds are also classified as potentially dangerous. The characteristics are:
Strong musculature, powerful or athletic constitution, robustness, agility, vigor and endurance
Short hair
Deep chest (60 to 80 cm), height of over 50 cm and a weight over 20 Kg
Big, square, head, with a wide skull and strong jaws
Broad, short and muscled neck.
Straight, parallel forelegs and muscular hindquarters, relatively long back legs standing at an angle
The ambiguity of breed determination
Annex I of RD 287/2002 specifies eight breeds that are considered potentially dangerous, but what about mixed-breed dogs? Determining the breed of a dog’s parents can be challenging, even for veterinarians. This ambiguity can lead to confusion and inconsistencies in the classification process.
Defining a dog’s breed is not always straightforward, and the lack of clear guidelines can result in arbitrary decisions. This can have significant consequences for dog owners, as a potentially dangerous dog classification can lead to restrictions and penalties.
Who Determines a Dog’s Potential Danger?
Despite the complexities surrounding the classification of potentially dangerous dogs, there are specific authorities responsible for determining a dog’s potential danger.
The Role of the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food
Ministerially, the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food has the power to include new breeds in Annex I or modify the characteristics of Annex II, as stated in the second final provision (Development Power) of Royal Decree 287/2002.
Local Entities’ Limitations in Including New Breeds or Characteristics
Including new breeds or characteristics en local ordinances is not within the power of local entities, as they are bound by the national legislation outlined en Royal Decree 287/2002.
For instance, some municipalities, like Inca in Mallorca, have attempted to expand the list of breeds considered potentially dangerous, but these efforts have been met with legal challenges. The Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Navarra annulled similar provisions en Pamplona’s municipal animal keeping ordinance, highlighting the limitations of local entities en this regard.
Here are some examples of autonomous communities in Spain with regulations regarding Perros Potencialmente Peligrosos (PPP) that go beyond the national law
Valencian Community: This region adds breeds like Doberman, Bullmastiff, Dogo de Burdeos, Presa Canario, Perro de Presa Mallorquín, and Mastín Napolitano to the list of PPPs.
Catalonia: Catalonia requires additional psychological evaluations for the owners of certain PPP breeds.
Andalusia: Requires additional insurance for certain PPP breeds.
May have stricter muzzle and leash regulations in public spaces for PPPs.
Madrid: Imposes stricter muzzle and leash regulations for PPPs in public spaces.
Might have limitations on where PPPs can be walked.
Basque Country: Mandates mandatory training courses for owners of PPPs.
May have specific requirements for the training content and certification.
Extremadura: Similar to Andalusia, Extremadura might require additional insurance for certain PPP breeds.
Potentially has stricter muzzle and leash regulations in public areas.
Murcia: While information is limited, Murcia might have additional regulations regarding public spaces and PPP muzzles/leashes.
It’s advisable to check with your local authorities here in Spain for specifics, a list can be found here.
Consequences for Citizens and Their Dogs
Many dog owners in Spain are unaware of the implications of having a dog classified as potentially dangerous. The consequences can be far-reaching and have a significant impact on both citizens and their dogs.
Inconvenient regulations for citizens
Inconveniently, citizens whose dogs are classified as potentially dangerous will have to invest time and money in obtaining the corresponding license and adhering to strict regulations. The penalties for non-compliance can be substantial, causing unnecessary stress and anxiety for dog owners.
Harmful effects on dogs’ development and socialization
Socialization is a critical aspect of a dog’s development, and restrictions imposed on potentially dangerous dogs can hinder this process. The consequences for dogs are genuinely harmful, as they will be prevented from engaging in normal social interactions and exercising freely, leading to impaired well-being.
Effects of these restrictions can be devastating, as dogs classified as potentially dangerous are often confined to their homes, unable to interact with other dogs or people. This can lead to behavioral problems, anxiety, and depression in dogs, ultimately affecting their quality of life. It is crucial to recognize the importance of responsible dog ownership and adequate training to ensure the safety and well-being of both humans and dogs.
The Failure of the Law and Alternative Solutions
Once again, we are faced with the harsh reality that the law, in its current form, has failed to achieve its intended purpose. The legislation aimed to guarantee public safety, but instead, it has led to a plethora of issues, including the arbitrary classification of dogs as potentially dangerous and the restriction of responsible dog ownership.
In light of this, it’s important to explore alternative solutions that prioritize responsible dog ownership and the welfare of both humans and animals. Let’s take a closer look at some successful models implemented in neighboring countries.
The “Hundeführerschein” or dog license in Germany, Holland, Switzerland, and France
With the introduction of the “Hundeführerschein” or dog license, these countries have taken a more holistic approach to responsible dog ownership. This license requires both practical and theoretical tests for the handler, as well as obedience and sociability tests for the dog. By focusing on the handler’s skills and the dog’s behavior, these countries have successfully promoted a culture of responsible dog ownership.
The “Carnet Cívico Canino” or Canine Good Citizen in Spain
Citizen-led initiatives have given rise to the “Carnet Cívico Canino,” a program similar to the American Kennel Club’s “Canine Good Citizen” created in 1989. This program promotes responsible dog ownership by educating dog owners on proper training, socialization, and care for their dogs.
Hundeführerschein-like programs, such as the “Carnet Cívico Canino,” have the potential to revolutionize the way we approach dog ownership in Spain. By shifting the focus from breed-specific legislation to responsible ownership and dog behavior, we can create a safer and more harmonious environment for both humans and animals. It’s time to rethink our approach and prioritize education, training, and responsible ownership.
Carnet Cívico Canino
The Carnet Cívico Canino (translated to Citizen Canine Card) isn’t a universally recognized document in Spain for well-behaved dogs. Here’s what you need to know:
- Limited Recognition: There’s no national law in Spain mandating a Carnet Cívico Canino. Some municipalities or private organizations might promote it, but it doesn’t hold official weight everywhere.
- Potential Benefits (if recognized): The idea behind the Carnet Cívico Canino is to acknowledge responsible dog ownership. A recognized Carnet Cívico Canino might:
- Certify your dog has received proper training and socialization.
- Show your dog is up-to-date on vaccinations and microchipped.
- Potentially offer benefits like access to dog parks or discounts on pet services (depending on the issuing organization).
- Alternatives: Throughout Spain, official dog ownership documents typically involve:
- Microchip registration (mandatory nationwide).
- Rabies vaccination (mandatory nationwide).
- Potentially, a municipal dog license (required in some areas).
Here’s how to find out about the Carnet Cívico Canino in your area:
- Contact your local Ayuntamiento (Town Hall): They can tell you if your municipality recognizes the Carnet Cívico Canino and how to obtain one (if applicable).
- Search online for “Carnet Cívico Canino” + [your region in Spain]: This might lead you to websites of organizations promoting the Carnet Cívico Canino in your area.
Recent Changes and Clarifications
Now, let’s take a closer look at the recent developments and clarifications surrounding Perros Potencialmente Peligrosas.
This significant change aims to shift the focus from breed-specific legislation to evaluating individual dogs based on their behavior rather than their breed.
The new regulations will require that dogs be assessed individually for their behavior. Dogs that exhibit dangerous behavior will need to undergo special training or re-education to address these issues. This approach is intended to reduce breed-specific prejudice and ensure that dogs are judged fairly based on their actual behavior and not just their breed.
Additionally, the new Animal Welfare Law, which includes these changes, emphasizes harsher penalties for animal abuse and introduces measures to improve overall animal welfare in Spain. It includes establishing a national register of dog breeders, trainers, and shelters, as well as mandating universal pet identification to streamline and unify regulations across different regions of Spain
Removal of the specific breed list
With the abolition of the specific breed list, the focus has shifted from breed alone to a more comprehensive assessment of individual behavior and characteristics. This change acknowledges that any dog, regardless of breed, can exhibit potentially dangerous behavior.
List Abolished: One significant change is the removal of the specific breed list from the law. Previously, breeds like Pit Bull Terriers, Rottweilers, and Staffordshire Terriers were automatically classified as PPPs.
Focus on individual behaviour and characteristics
Specifically, the new emphasis is on evaluating a dog’s temperament, past behavior, and physical capabilities to determine its potential risk. This approach recognizes that responsible ownership and proper training are key to preventing dog attacks.
Another crucial aspect of this shift is that it encourages owners to take a more proactive role in ensuring their dog’s behavior and well-being. By focusing on individual characteristics rather than breed, owners can work to address any potential issues before they escalate.
Focus on Behaviour: The new emphasis is on a dog’s individual behaviour and characteristics rather than solely on breed. Factors like aggressiveness, past attacks, and physical capabilities are now considered for PPP designation.
What This Means:
- Assessment Tests: Owners of dogs exhibiting potentially dangerous behavior may be required to undergo psychological evaluations for their dogs. These evaluations are conducted by qualified professionals who assess the dog’s temperament and potential risks.
- Breed Considerations: While breed isn’t the sole factor, some breeds might still be more likely to be flagged for evaluation due to historical data or physical attributes.
Assessment tests and owner responsibilities
Owning a dog classified as potentially dangerous comes with significant responsibilities. You, as the owner, may be required to undergo psychological evaluations for your dog, and if deemed necessary, obtain a special license and mandatory public liability insurance.
Characteristics such as aggression, past attacks, and physical strength will be assessed by qualified professionals to determine the level of risk posed by your dog. If your dog is deemed potentially dangerous, you will need to take steps to mitigate that risk, including using muzzles and leashes in public spaces.
Finding the Latest Information
Unlike in the past, where breed alone was the determining factor, the current regulations surrounding potentially dangerous dogs in Spain are more nuanced and complex. To ensure you’re up-to-date on the latest information, it’s important to stay informed about national and regional developments.
National Framework and Regional Variations
On the national level, the Spanish Ministry of the Interior provides an overview of the law governing potentially dangerous dogs. However, it’s crucial to recognize that individual autonomous communities in Spain have some flexibility to implement additional rules or modify certain aspects of the national framework.
Resources for Staying Updated on Regulations
To stay informed, you can consult the official website of the Spanish Ministry of the Interior, which provides an overview of the national law. Additionally, you can visit the official website of your specific region in Spain, as they may have more detailed information on local regulations and the application process for dog evaluations.
Understanding the importance of staying updated on regulations is crucial for responsible dog ownership. By familiarizing yourself with the latest information, you can ensure you’re meeting the necessary requirements and providing the best possible care for your dog. Note, that regulations can change, and it’s your responsibility as a dog owner to stay informed and adapt to these changes.
To wrap up
Now, as you’ve researched into the complexities of Perro Potencialmente Peligroso, you’re likely wondering what it means for you and your dog. The takeaway is that the law, though well-intentioned, has its limitations and uncertainties. It’s crucial to stay informed about the latest developments and regional variations in Spain. By doing so, you’ll be better equipped to navigate the regulations and ensure the well-being of your dog. Bear in mind, responsible ownership and proper training are key to guaranteeing public safety and the welfare of all dogs, regardless of breed or classification.
Links Of Interest
Please keep in mind a lot of these are still outdated, even some of the local authorities.
Potentially dangerous dogs (PPP) – Junta de Andalucía: This is in English.
The OCU ( Translated To English )
The Royal Decree Royal Decree 287 / 2002, Of 22 Of March, By Which Is Develops The Law 50 / 1999, Of 23 Of December, On The Regime Legal Of The Holding Of Animals Potentially Hazardous.
Axarquia Animal Rescue page has a PDF document to mull over too, the link is here, again it is in English
Ayuntamiento de Alcorcón In English and this link includes links to other official pages, regarding licencing etc.
Finally
I must emphasise once again that I am not native Spanish, so some of the documents were translated by machine learning and I am not a lawyer. If you are unsure, please do seek legal advice from a qualified lawyer in the area where you live.
