The Unparalleled Charm of Walled Cities in Spain
As a kid I used to love holidaying across the UK visiting the old castles, so naturally my interest in history is still strong 50 years later. From visiting ruins to almost completely intact Roman walls, some of which appear to be a town frozen in time. Are these on your bucket list of places to visit, out here?
There’s a certain magic in stepping through the centuries-old walls of Spain’s medieval towns. As you wander through the narrow cobblestone streets, you can’t help but feel the weight of history bearing down on you in this ancient walled town. From Avila’s fortress-like walls to the ancient Roman fortifications of Lugo, each of these towns and cities tells a story of conquest, resilience, and cultural fusion. Join us on a journey through the picturesque walled cities of Spain and immerse yourself in the unparalleled charm of these living relics of the past.
Why are there so many walled cities in Spain?
Historical significance of medieval walled cities
While Romans occupied Spain for 700 years and the Arabs for another 800, the Arab occupation left many traces on the cultural landscape of Spain. The constant wars between Christian monarchs and Arab conquerors resulted in the fortification of many cities with defensive walls for protection. These fortified cities have survived almost intact to this day, offering a glimpse into Spain’s rich history.
Architectural and cultural influences
Cities in medieval Spain were fortified with defensive walls built by either Arabs to protect from Christians or by Christian monarchs to protect from Arabs. The architectural style of these beautiful towns reflects a blend of Romanesque, Gothic, Mudéjar, and Islamic influences, making them fascinating medieval walled cities in Europe. The cultural heritage of these cities is a testament to the diverse empires that shaped Spanish history over the centuries, making them essential cities in Spain to visit.
Avila (Castile and Leon)
You step into Avila, a walled city in Castile and Leon, and instantly feel transported to a bygone era. The towering walls, stretching over 2.5 kilometres, encapsulate the town’s medieval charm. As you explore Avila, don’t miss the Basilica of St Vincent, a 12th-century church hiding a dark secret in its crypt. Visit the monumental Avila Cathedral, a fortress-like structure integrated into the city wall of this UNESCO World Heritage Site. Wander through the old town’s cobblestone streets, lined with picturesque churches dedicated to the legacy of Santa Teresa.
What not to miss in Avila
CastileThe Basilica of St Vincent – a 12th-century church with a dark secret in its crypt. Avila Cathedral – a monumental Romanesque cathedral that was built to double up as a fortress by being built into the Avila city ramparts. Ávila is renowned as one of the best preserved medieval examples of defensive walls and churches.
Lugo (Galicia)
After the Romans built the walls in the 3rd century, Lugo remains the only city entirely encircled by intact Roman battlements. You can stroll along the top of the ramparts, feeling as if you’re walking on a pedestrian street in one of the many ancient walled towns in Spain. While in Lugo, be sure to explore the Roman Puente (bridge), Lugo Cathedral, and the Roman baths below Hotel Balneario de Lugo.
What not to miss in Lugo
With the Roman Bridge, a picturesque mosque, and well-preserved Roman battlements, Lugo offers a glimpse into its rich history as one of the many ancient and medieval walled towns in Spain. Be sure to visit the Roman baths below Hotel Balneario de Lugo to experience the ancient heritage that still flows through the city.
Tossa Del Mar (Catalonia)
What not to miss in Tossa Del Mar
For a mesmerizing experience in Tossa Del Mar, ensure you explore the wide sandy beaches and intimate rocky coves. If time is limited, head to Platja Gran for stunning views of the fortress or visit Cala Futadera, one of the most picturesque bays in the area. Take a walk up to the tower of Can Magi for breathtaking views of the town and coastline. Finally, immerse yourself in the maze of historic streets of Vila Vella, the perfectly-preserved medieval village within the city walls.
Toledo (Castilla-La Mancha)
What not to miss in Toledo
Not to be missed in Toledo is the stunning Cathedral, hailed as one of the best examples of High Gothic architecture in Spain. Inside, you’ll find works by renowned artists such as El Greco, Goya, and Velazquez, echoing the rich cultural tapestry of walled cities in Europe. Another must-see is the Mezquita Cristo de La Luz, a picturesque mosque with a rich history dating back to the Arabs in 999. Don’t forget to explore the Monastery of San Juan de Los Reyes, an exquisitely decorated 15th-century monastery located in Toledo’s Jewish Quarter. And make sure to visit the Toledo Alcazar, a monumental fortress that dates back to Roman times, offering breathtaking views of the surrounding area.
It’s also among the most iconic medieval walled cities in Europe with Toledo Cathedral a very popular destination for sighteeing.
Albarracin (Aragon)
Once again, you find yourself transported back in time as you stroll through the pink-hued houses, churches, fortresses, and walls of Albarracin in Aragon, one of the most picturesque walled towns in Spain. Perched on a rocky promontory amidst the Guadalaviar River, this unique fortified city offers breathtaking views and a glimpse into its Moorish history. Hiking the entire perimeter of the city ramparts allows you to marvel at the town’s medieval charm and the stunning landscape that surrounds it.
What not to miss in Albarracin
An exploration of Albarracin would not be complete without a visit to the impressive Castle (Castillo Musulmán De Albarracín) perched dramatically on a cliff top. Delve into the architectural wonders of the 16th-century Cathedral of Albarracin, showcasing a blend of Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque styles. And don’t miss the Perez and Toyuela Home Museum, offering a fascinating glimpse into the lives of Albarracin’s nobility and their servants from the 17th century, within one of Spain’s beautiful walled towns.
Trujillo (Extremadura)
Many travellers are captivated by the picturesque town of Trujillo in Extremadura, nestled atop a mountain ridge between Madrid and Lisbon. Steeped in Roman, Muslim, and Catholic history, the town’s impressive fortifications served as a stronghold against Christian armies for five centuries, exemplifying how defences protect the heart of these historic cities and towns. Don’t miss the imposing Castle, Plaza Mayor, and the iconic statue of Francisco Pizarro on horseback. A guided tour of the Game of Thrones filming locations at Trujillo Castle adds a touch of fantasy to this historical gem.
What not to miss Trujillo
On your visit to Trujillo, be sure to explore the imposing Castle, and the picturesque Plaza Mayor, and marvel at the statue of Francisco Pizarro on horseback in this walled town. Additionally, consider taking a guided tour of the Game of Thrones filming locations at Trujillo Castle for a touch of fantasy amidst the historical charm of this iconic medieval city.
Penafiel (Castile-Leon)
What not to miss in Penafiel
Not planning to miss any highlights during your visit to Penafiel, one of the iconic medieval walled cities? Ensure you explore Plaza del Coso, a medieval square with a bullfighting ring surrounded by rustic houses, providing another reason to visit these charming towns and cities. Don’t forget to visit the Wine Museum in Penafiel Castle to have a taste of the history and heritage of the Ribera del Duero wine region. Additionally, immerse yourself in the local culture at Casa Museo de la Ribera, offering a glimpse into the lives of the town’s residents from past centuries, echoing the timeless essence of stronghold towns in Spain.
Segovia (Castile-Leon)
What not to miss in Segovia
To fully appreciate Segovia’s medieval charm, make sure to visit the iconic Roman Aqueduct, Alcazar castle, and Cathedral of Segovia, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Wander through the historic streets, marvel at the Romanesque architecture, and enjoy the breathtaking views from the top of the Alcazar towers.
Don’t forget to explore the Iglesia de la Vera Cruz, a hidden gem that dates back to the time of the Crusaders. To immerse yourself in the rich history of Segovia, take your time to discover the hidden treasures of this enchanting city.
Cuellar (Castile-Leon)
What not to miss in Cuellar
To truly experience the unique charm of Cuellar in Castile-Leon, immerse yourself in its historic treasures, a testament to one of the many ancient and medieval stronghold towns in Spain. Wander through the ancient Puerta de Saint Basil, marvel at the fortified tower, and admire the Arch of Saint Andrew. Don’t miss the opportunity to explore the original Moorish walls dating back to the 12th century, a testament to the town’s rich history and architectural splendour.
Granadilla (Extremadura)
What not to miss in Granadilla
For a unique experience, explore the hauntingly beautiful ghost town of Granadilla in Extremadura. Walk along the well-preserved Almohad walls, visit the small but impressive Castle of Granadilla, and take in the eery quietness of the deserted streets in this ancient town. Don’t miss out on the stunning views from the battlements and the chance to step back in time in this medieval gem.
Peniscola (Valencia)
Now, let’s explore the breathtaking walled city of Peniscola in Valencia. Perched on a rocky promontory overlooking the Mediterranean Sea, Peñiscola offers a stunning medieval landscape, giving you plenty of reason to visit historic towns in Spain. The town’s white walls, originally constructed by the Arabs and later expanded, encircle the picturesque old town. Don’t miss the iconic Papa Luna Castle, a filming location for Game of Thrones, offering panoramic views of the Mediterranean Sea and the snow-white streets of Peniscola.
What not to miss in Peniscola
The focal point of Peniscola is Papa Luna Castle, a 13th-century fortress with a rich history and jaw-dropping views. Wander through the narrow streets of the Old Town to discover Casa de las Concas, a unique house adorned with shells and the El Bufador, a natural cavity in the cliff near San Pedro Gate of this remarkable walled town. Take a tour of the castle to probe deeper into its historical significance and enjoy the mesmerizing beauty of this coastal city, one of the most charming medieval cities in Europe.
Buitrago del Lozoya (Region of Madrid)
Keep an eye out for the picturesque medieval ramparts of Buitrago del Lozoya, just a short distance from Madrid. The city is encircled by majestic battlements that soar above the Lazaya River, protecting iconic landmarks such as the Alcazar, the Church of Santa María del Castillo, the Clock Tower, and the Pablo Picasso Museum. Don’t miss the opportunity to explore La Coracha, a unique section of the walls that extends into the river, offering a glimpse into the town’s historical significance and architectural beauty as one of the walled towns in Spain you must visit in your lifetime. Buitrago del Lozoya is situated along the banks of the Lozoya River.
What not to miss in Buitrago del Lozoya
Don’t miss The Alcázar, a 15th-century castle with seven towers that offers magnificent views of the town and the parapets. Visit the Church of Santa María del Castillo, a 14th-century Gothic church with the original medieval bell tower. Take time to explore the Picasso Museum, which showcases a collection of works by the renowned artist, and offers a reason to visit the cities in Europe for the rich artistic heritage.
Alhambra – Granada (Andalusia)
What not to miss in Granada
Andalusia is a region steeped in history, and the Alhambra in Granada stands as a testament to its rich cultural heritage. The Nasrid Palaces, the Alhambra Alcazar, and the Generalife Gardens are must-see attractions. Additionally, a visit to the Sacromonte Caves provides a glimpse into Granada’s unique history. To make the most of your trip, consider booking a guided tour of Alhambra to explore deeper into the enchanting world of this magnificent Moorish architecture.
Besalu (Catalonia)
Despite its small size, Besalu in Catalonia boasts some of the best-preserved medieval walls in Spain. Dating back to the 12th and 14th centuries, these defences surround the town and provide a glimpse into its historic significance. The town itself was once an independent country, adding to its charm and allure as a fortified city worth exploring.
What not to miss in Besalu
To truly appreciate the beauty of Besalu, make sure to walk across the Pont Vell bridge, a stunning Romanesque structure with seven arches and two towers. Visit the Church of Sant Vicente de Besalu, a 10th-century Romanesque gem, and explore the Jewish Baths & Synagogue, remnants of the town’s rich history. Besalu’s unique blend of architecture and history makes it a must-visit destination in Catalonia.
Cordoba (Andalusia)
What not to miss in Cordoba
Keep your eyes peeled for hidden gems in Cordoba, a city steeped in history and architectural wonders, making it one of the must see beautiful walled towns in Europe. While no longer surrounded by the old walls, remnants of the Roman and Moorish defense structures can still be discovered. The Mezquita, a breathtaking mosque-cathedral fusion, is a must-see for its unique blend of styles. Wander across the ancient Roman Bridge over the Guadalquivir River and explore the enchanting Cordoba Patios, adorned with colorful flowers and tranquil water features. Finally, step into the Cordoba Alcazar, a majestic 14th-century fortress palace, to complete your journey through Cordoba’s rich heritage.
To wrap up
To wrap up your journey through the beautiful walled cities in Spain is akin to stepping back in time, immersing yourself in the rich tapestry of history and culture that these ancient fortresses hold. From the well-preserved town walls of Avila to the ancient Roman fortifications of Lugo, each city offers a unique glimpse into Spain’s past. Whether you choose to explore the medieval charm of Tossa Del Mar, the historic significance of Toledo, or the unique beauty of Albarracin, these fortified cities are sure to leave you enchanted and inspired by the unparalleled charm of Spain’s heritage.
Others To Consider
Cáceres is an enthralling destination with preserved medieval architecture from the 9th century. What makes this different from most of Spain’s many ancient and medieval sites, is that it was uninhabited for 60 years. As well as being known for the well-preserved medieval walls, it’s also among the most iconic backdrops, as it is located near a reservoir, so makes a great day out.
Brihuega, an hour outside Madrid, is known for its medieval walls, watchtowers, and picturesque streets. so this is perfect if you are holidaying in the capital but want to venture out and have had enough of museum hopping in Spain’s bustling capital city.
